General National Id Cyprus_02 Site name Germasogeia river, Limassol Summary Germasogeia river (also known as Amathos river) crosses the premises of Germasogeia municipality, close to the city of Limassol on the south end of Cyprus. The aim of the measure implementation is to enable natural purification of water and recharge of Germasogeia aquifer, processes that were disrupted by the construction of an upstream dam. This is succeeded by gradually releasing water from the upstream dam and maintaining the high transmissivity of the riverbed. Light or indepth? Light NUTS Code Κύπρος (Kýpros) RBD code CY001 Transboundary 0 Data provider Ayis Iacovides, I.A.CO Source(s) Artificial groundwater recharge practice in Cyprus: The Yermasoyia aquifer. Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources of the Yermasoyia River Basin in Cyprus Conjunctive use of the Germasogeia Riverbed Aquifer and Germasogeia Dam for water supply Evaluation of the operation of Yermasoyia surface and groundwater reservoirs using environmental isotopes One-dimensional Groundwatyer simulation model of the Yermasoyia river aquifer NWRM(s) implemented in the case study Restoration of natural infiltration to groundwater Longitude 33.084036 Latitude 34.742003 Site information Climate zone warm temperate dry Mean rainfall 615 Mean rainfall unit mm/year Average temperature 16,5 Mean evaportranspiration 1230 Mean evaportranspiration unit mm/year Mean runoff 143,5 Mean runoff unit 450 - 600 mm Average runoff coefficient 0,230000004172325 Average imperviousness 23 Type Case Study Info Average slope range 1.0 Vegetation class Bare river bed with disperds reedbeds Monitoring maintenance Monitoring impacts effects 1 Administrative annual cost information Estimated Costs for the operation of the measure (Scientific staff and field assistants (at 10% of their annual time) not including drilling and construction but including travelling and analytical costs are about 18000€/year. Performance Performance impact estimation method Catchment outlet Performance impact estimation information Monitoring included: surface water released, flow in stream monitored by four weirs 700 m apart, groundwater pumping, water-table fluctuation through 43 observation wells, samples for chemical analysis to monitor sea intrusion and a groundwater model. Design & implementations Application scale River Installation date 1982-03 Age 6 Performance timescale < 1 year Area (ha) 192 Size 5000 Size unit m2 Design capacity description 15000 - 25000m3/d of water released, on average Max water retention capacity 730000 Max water retention capacity unit m3/month Runoff treatment capacity 5 Runoff treatment capacity unit mm/month Constraints A streambed aquifer of high transmissivity and large storage coefficient is required. High infiltration capacity is also needed of the riverbed to enable recharge to occur. Low or free from sediment surface water will maintain infiltration rates. Favourable preconditions Availability of surface water (reservoir), need for increased recharge due to use of aquifer, suitable hydrogeologic conditions of streambed aquifer such as high infiltration capacity and permaeability coupled with high storage coefficient. Inflow volume 0,5 Inflow volume unit mio m3/day Public consultation 0 Contractural arrangements 0 Design contractual arrangement Arrangement type Responsibility Role Comments Name Design consultation activity Activity stage Key issues Name Comments Design land use change Land use change type Beaches, dunes, sands Design authority Authority type Role Responsibility Name Comments National water authority Implementation Water development Department Lessons, risks, implications... Key lessons Germasogeia is a typical river alluvial aquifer in Cyprus. Natural recharge depends on releases from an upstream reservoir or from water imported from elsewhere (Kouris Dam). The application†™s main lessons are: a) the aquifer is used as a natural water treatment plant of fresh surface water, b) the water demand is covered with groundwater of acceptable quality, c) the aquifer is protected from sea intrusion and, d) groundwater losses to the sea are minimized due to regulation of pumping and recharge. Financing mechanism 0 Financing difficulties 0 Success factor(s) Success factor type Success factor role Comments Existing staff and consultant knowledge main factor Attitude of relevant stakeholders secondary factor Financing Financing type Comments National funds Barrier Barrier type Barrier role Comments Limited staff and consultant knowledge secondary barrier Demanding practice requiring good hydrogeologic knowledge of system to fine tune releases. Attitude of decision makers secondary barrier Driver Driver type Driver role Comments Legal obligations main driver Downstream user rights affected by construction of Germasogeia dam together with increasing water demand Organisation committed to it secondary driver Financing share Financing share type Share Comments National funds 100 View Policy, general governance and design targets Policy description Natural recharge disrupted by upstream reservoir is reconstituted by releases and artificial recharge to maintain pumping of groundwater for domestic water supply to communities in the area. Conjunctive use of water sources increases available supply. Part of wider plan 1 Policy target Target purpose Groundwater Recharge Increase Water Storage Pollutants Removal Oher Societal Benefits Policy pressure Pressure directive Relevant pressure Policy area Policy area type Policy area focus Name Comments Policy impact Impact directive Relevant impact Policy wider plan Wider plan type Wider plan focus Name Comments Drinking water supply Policy requirement directive Requirement directive Specification Socio-economic Direct benefits information The aquifer is used as a natural water treatment plant. By the regulation of the aquifer a) the water demand with groundwater of acceptable quality is met, b) sea intrusion is controlled and groundwater losses to the sea are minimized. Ancillary benefits information Defertment of additional works to meet growing water supply demand (desalination, treatment works, drilling for wells etc.) Reduced cost of water supply to consumer. Costs capital 38000 Costs capital information Estimated costs for drilling of 5 observation boreholes (2500€each) equipped with water level recorders (1000€ each) and construction of 4 weirs at every 700 m along the riverbed (3000€each) with recorders (1500€each). Earthworks within riverbed (2500€). Costs operational 6000 Costs operational information Estimated expenses 6000€/year Dam Attendant for releases and Technician for operating weirs and carrying out monitoring. Assumed 20% of their time per year. No cost of fresh water is assumed. Costs maintenance 3500 Costs maintenance information 2500€/year for earthworks within riverbed. 1000€/year to maintain recorders, wells and water meters. Costs total information No costs for the upstream reservoir or for the pumping wells are considered. Estimated costs are of the order of 60000€ for observation wells, weirs, earthworks, and initial studies by hydrologists and engineers. Economic costs additional 7500 Information on Economic costs additional Estimated cost for staff for evaluating results of the measure and planning of its further implementation being about 7500 €. Ecosystem improved biodiversity 1 Information on Ecosystem improved biodiversity Riparian vegetation as habitat has improved. Ecosystem provisioning services 0 Information on Ecosystem provisioning services By 1988 the overall extraction for domestic water supply 65% of which was for meeting part of the needs of Limassol town, and the total needs of 4 nearby communities increased by 90% compared to that prior of the measure in 1982. Ecosystem impact climate regulation No specific impact Information on Ecosystem impact climate regulation It can be said that some impact of the measure may have to do with reduction of energy use and GHGs (desalination, treatment etc.) Biophysical impacts Retained water 7,09999990463257 Retained water unit mio m3/month Information on retained water The number given refers to monthly average infiltrated water (1982-87) between weirs 700m apart (or 1400 m length) and a riverbed of 50 m width. Increased water storage 5,90000009536743 Runoff reduction 188 Increased water storage unit mio m3/year Information on increased water storage The number refers to average annual quantity pumped (1982-88) from the aquifer as a result of the artificial recharge plus losses from the upstream reservoir. Runoff reduction unit % Percent Information on runoff reduction The number refers to the ratio of extraction of 1988 to that of 1982 Ecosystem erosion control 0 Information on Ecosystem erosion control Erosion control is impacted by the dam reservoir existing upstream the NWRM. Water quality overall improvements Positive impact-WQ improvement Information on Water quality overall improvements Chloride in time for selected wells in the delta area is used as index to the extent of sea intrusion. This fluctuates in response to the recharge releases and to prolonged periods of extraction without recharge. No deterioration trend is observed. Soil quality overall soil improvements Neutral impact-no change in SQ status Information on Soil quality overall soil improvements Water is released in the active normally dry riverbed. The fresh water is free of sediments being water stored in reservoir, thus no detrimental effect is noticed on infiltration rate. 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