General National Id Cyprus_01 Site name Ezousas riverbed aquifer (Paphos) Summary The coastal part of the Ezousa riverbed aquifer, stretches up to 8 km from the coasts of Pafos district. The measure implementation concern the utilization of the local aquifer as a natural reservoir for natural filtration, storage and reuse of water, by creating and feeding infiltration ponds located in the riverbed. The water consists of tertiary treated sewage originating from the Paphos sewage treatment plant. Light or indepth? Light NUTS Code Κύπρος (Kýpros) RBD code CY001 Transboundary 0 Data provider Ayis Iacovides, I.A.CO Source(s) Attenuation capacity of a coastal aquifer under managed recharge by reclaimed wastewater Characterization of the Ezousas aquifer of SW Cyprus for storage recovery purposes using treated sewage effluent NWRM(s) implemented in the case study Restoration of natural infiltration to groundwater Longitude 32.51429 Latitude 34.762277 Site information Climate zone warm temperate dry Mean rainfall 500 Mean rainfall unit mm/year Average temperature 18,7000007629395 Mean evaportranspiration 1060 Mean evaportranspiration unit mm/year Mean runoff 10 Mean runoff unit 450 - 600 mm Average runoff coefficient 0,180000007152557 Average imperviousness 18 Type Case Study Info Average slope range 1.0 Vegetation class Unvegetaded riverbed Monitoring maintenance Monitoring impacts effects 1 Monitoring location Laboratory Monitoring parameters EC, Boron, pH, P-total: monthly; biochemicals, heavy metals and persistent organic compounds: every three months Monitoring upstream station The sampling data for these analyses are obtained from eight locations: the entry to the infiltration basins, the six abstraction boreholes, and one observation borehole upstream of the recharge site for the native groundwater. Monitoring downstream station The sampling data for these analyses are obtained from eight locations: the entry to the infiltration basins, the six abstraction boreholes, and one observation borehole upstream of the recharge site for the native groundwater. Performance Performance impact estimation method Catchment outlet Performance impact estimation information A three-dimensional finite element model of the area was constructed using the FEFLOW software to simulate the groundwater flow conditions and transport of Phosphorous and copper in the subsurface from the recharge process. The model was calibrated using hydraulic head and chemical data for the time period of 2002-2011. The groundwater model was coupled with a geochemical model PHREEQC attempting to evaluate nitrate and Copper processes. Inverse modeling calculation was used to determine sets of moles transfers of phases that are attributed to the water composition change in groundwater between the mixture of natural groundwater and reclaimed wastewater and the final water composition. From the flow model it is suggested that artificial recharge can compensate the lack of upstream recharge only to a point. Thus, a water deficit could potentially be created that will induce the saltwater intrusion phenomenon in the costal area. The general behavior of phosphorus and Copper was captured relatively well with some exceptions. Design & implementations Application scale River Installation date 2004-01 Performance timescale < 1 year Area (ha) 14500 Area subject to Land use change or Management/Practice change (ha) 4,6100001335144 Size 46000 Size unit m2 Design capacity description 4200000m3/yr is is the estimated effective storage capacity of the aquifer Max water retention capacity 12000 Max water retention capacity unit m3/day Runoff treatment capacity 260 Runoff treatment capacity unit mm/day Basis of design Storage of tertiary treated water in periods of low agricultural water demand. Constraints Aquifer not used for domestic water. Permeable lithologyin unconfined aquifer with sufficient storage availability. Favourable preconditions Aquifer previous lithology, sufficient storativity of aquifer, proximity to a STP or availability of treated effluent. Management change from No Change Management change to No Change Inflow volume 156 Inflow volume unit m3/month Contractural arrangements 0 Design contractual arrangement Arrangement type Responsibility Role Comments Name Design consultation activity Activity stage Key issues Name Comments Design land use change Land use change type Beaches, dunes, sands Design authority Authority type Role Responsibility Name Comments National water authority Implementation Water Development Department Other Implementation Sewrage Board of Paphos Lessons, risks, implications... Key lessons The coastal part of the Ezousas riverbed aquifer, up to 8 km from the coast, is utilized as a natural reservoir for storage and reuse of the tertiary treated sewage from Paphos Town. Tertiary treated water recharges the aquifer through specially constructed shallow ponds. The water after natural purification is pumped again from the aquifer for irrigation purposes. At the same time protection from and control of sea-intrusion is accomplished . The key lessons learned are: - Artificial recharge with effluent water can be applied in areas with similar geological conditions experiencing droughts and lack of water. - Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater maximizes the use of available water resources of an area. †¢ Equal quantities of fresh water for domestic use can be saved by recharging treated effluent and effecting additional treatment which are used then for irrigation. †¢ Control of sea intrusion is effectively accomplished. Financing mechanism 0 Financing mechanism information In the new water pricing to be implemmented, the irrigation water (fresh or recycled) carries an environmental cost. Success factor(s) Success factor type Success factor role Comments Existing staff and consultant knowledge main factor Financing Financing type Comments National funds Barrier Barrier type Barrier role Comments Attitude of the public main barrier Especially if aquifer to be recharged with treated effluent serves also domestic supply. Driver Driver type Driver role Comments Organisation committed to it main driver WDD is responsible for water resources management in the island. Financing share Financing share type Share Comments National funds 100 View Policy, general governance and design targets Policy description Aquifer recharge and retrieval of sufficient water quantities of acceptable quality for irrigation purposes. Additionally water purification is achieved and sea intrusion is restricted. Quantified objectives 3000000m3/yr is recharged into the marginal aquifer. Part of wider plan 1 Policy target Target purpose Groundwater Recharge Pollutants Removal Oher Societal Benefits Policy pressure Pressure directive Relevant pressure Policy area Policy area type Policy area focus Name Comments Policy impact Impact directive Relevant impact Policy wider plan Wider plan type Wider plan focus Name Comments Reuse of treated water effluent and improvement of aquifer status Policy requirement directive Requirement directive Specification Socio-economic Direct benefits information Pumped water is sold at the price of untreated freshwater. Costs investment 4000000 Costs investment information Tertiary treatment plant, pumping installation and pipe transfer of treated effluent to the NWRM had a capital cost of 3.9 million euros. On this some 0.1 million euros are added for ponds, boreholes and pumps. These latter figures are to be verified. Costs operational information Monitoring staff and operation supervising. Costs maintenance information Maintenance of structures after occasional flooding. Renovation of infiltration capacity.Servicing of pumps. Costs total 4000000 Costs total information Includes ponds (shallow earth walls structures) with simple concrete inlets and outlets. Drilling of wells equipped with pumps, pipes for water transport, monitoring equipment (water levels/meters and quality probes). Staff to monitor and run the NWRM. Ecosystem improved biodiversity 1 Information on Ecosystem improved biodiversity Construction of ponds has overtaken permanently part of habitats. No serious impacts expected on flora although construction works destroyed parts of flora population. Minor impacts on fauna are expected since works overtake parts of riparian habitats. Ecosystem provisioning services 0 Information on Ecosystem provisioning services The site taken by the NWRM is the Esousa main watercourse. Ecosystem impact climate regulation Not relevant for the specific application Information on Ecosystem impact climate regulation The application in its form does not affect in anyway climate change. Biophysical impacts Retained water 12000 Retained water unit m3/day Information on retained water The Ezousa Recharge Project (ERPr.) is designed to supplement the aquifer with 9000-12000 m3 /day of treated wastewater effluent from Paphos. Increased water storage 12000 Increased water storage unit m3/day Information on increased water storage The runoff reduction is nil since treated effluent is brought into the riverbed as an additional quantity of water. Runoff reduction unit % Percent Information on runoff reduction The runoff reduction is nil since treated effluent is brought into the riverbed as an additional quantity of water. Ecosystem erosion control 1 Information on Ecosystem erosion control The existence of 23 ponds with low retaining walls prevents erosion. Water quality overall improvements Positive impact-WQ improvement Information on Water quality overall improvements Weak nitrate dilution is observed. Total Phosphorous is strongly absorbed and attenuated into the aquifer matrix. Higher values of heavy metals, compared to the recharging reclaimed water are observed. Sea intrusion is controlled only up to a point. Soil quality overall soil improvements Not relevant for this application Information on Soil quality overall soil improvements The application of this NWRM does not affect in any way the soil quality except within the ponds themselves. Full Context Collection(aka Doorway or Gallery) Case Studies Pathway(aka Context) Default view Area(aka Level or Site) ALL