socio-economic

Within the framework of natural water retention measures (NWRM), urban planning refers to the application of the "Grey to Green" principle within cities. The specific focus of urban planning for NWRM is to achieve sustainable water management by mimicking natural functions and processes in the urban environment.

Value of those alternatives foregone when implementing a NWRM.

Those expenditures that, once committed, cannot be (easily) recovered. These costs arise because some activities require specialized assets that cannot be readily diverted to other uses.

Factor of proportionality that shows how much spending in a NWRM may induce direct or indirect changes in macroeconomic variables, such as income, employment, investment, etc. It is another way of referring to wider economic impacts of NWRM.

Efforts (either monetary outlays or consumption of any other resources, such as time) of administering, monitoring, and enforcing a NWRM. Policy-making involves political costs that are absent in private exchanges.

The cost linked the economic or relative scarcity of water once it is used.

The cost per year of implementing a NWRM over its entire lifespan. EAC is used when comparing NWRMs of unequal lifespans. It is estimated through listing all capital expenditures and when they are incurred; calculating the net present value of expenditures, once discounted; and converting this net present value into an annuity

The (monetary) value of resources deployed for the implementation of any NWRM, which includes upfront capital expenditures, either from new investments or the replacement of assets in past investments; depreciation allowances (annualised cost or replacing the accounting value of existing assets in the future); operating expenditures (those incurred to keep the NWRM running in an efficient manner); maintenance expenditures (for preserving existing or new assets in good functioning order throughout their useful life); and decommissioning costs (those incurred at the end of the lifecycle of the NWRM).

Negative impacts connected with the actual or potential degradation of natural assets or environmental quality due to economic activities.

Sacrifice associated to the use of available resources to one means instead of another (so that any economic cost is indeed an opportunity cost) or of following one course of action instead of the best available alternative. As applied to NWRM, it refers to those negative impacts in terms of welfare, either direct or indirect, that may be linked to the implementation of any measure.
The difference between explicit and implicit costs depends on whether there is an unequivocal monetary payment (or at least one which is straightforward to infer) or not. The term ﾓdirect (economic) costﾔ does actually refer to those costs that fall directly on the promoter of the NWRM. Hence, as opposed to direct costs, indirect costs are those incurred by others (those who are not under the direct scope of the NWRM implementation).